Universal Flow Chart

The top-level view of a program or a function often matches the universal flowchart.

Frequently, a problem is composed of pieces that can be processed in sequence. The first task in designing a program is to decide what the pieces are and how to iterate over them.

Here is an easy example:

Problem: You have a null-terminated string defined in main(). You wish to output the characters to the monitor, but you want each output alphabetic character to be a capital letter.

Here is an example string literal:

char sample = "But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?"

which should be output as:

BUT, SOFT! WHAT LIGHT THROUGH YONDER WINDOW BREAKS?

To match this to the universal flowchart you need to break the problem into pieces. The program looks something like this:

#include <stdio.h>

void main( void )
{
  int ch;    /* current char.  putchar expects an int */
  int j;     /* index to current char */
  char sample[] = "But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?";
 
  /* output the characters */
  
}

Answer:

Universal Flow Chart

QUESTION 2: